Catatan Seminar Pengganti Anpsi (Memories on Borneo) Senin 4 Maret 2013

Andreas Isles, Universitas Zurich

NE Borneo --> Boeloengan (Pelas), Tarakan --> mata orang eropa melihat borneo ‘1920 --> perubahan merkantilisme ke industrialisme kapitalisme

1923 --> Belanda lagi bertugas

1929 --> Kulis --> work as teacher to younger local people to become a topographer

Sipuku river --> 1924 --> sambil berkayuh, ada catetan di pangkuannya. buat ngoleksi data2 gepgrafis. bekerja bersama orang lokal

banyak orang lokal di sini yang kerja buat penyelidikan dari programnya Dutch --> cth Adam dan Idris

local workers + European Engineers (oil company)

a group of Dayak --> bisa bikin catetan tentang kesehariannya dalam hunting gathering --> bisa bahasa Belanda dan Melayu --> jadi lingua franca selama berinteraksi

photo --> shows the difference of social class? native vs colonial?

common interest --> sama2 di satu kapal?

Kalimantan: radical change in evolutionary styles. dulu mah anteng2 aja. sekarang? kerusuhan, kebakaran hutan, dst

visual/foto digunain sebagai data mentah dan dapat dianalisis

Early Globalization in Central Borneo (Dave Lumenta)

foto wolfgang leupold --> Kayan --> memperkejakan orang Kenya (pandai bikin kapal dan berdayung) --> angkur logistik dari Tanjung Sero ke Kenya

Kayan gak terlalu suka main2 di sana soalnya gak ada kaitan/ikatan historis --> kaitan lebih ke Derawak

Kenya

austronesian speaking groups

stratified swidden agricultures

locales:

adet peselai (socioculturally institutionalized trade expecitions) --> garam dst (dibutuhin pedalaman, dari pantai), besi (bikin mandau)

principal trade partners: Brunei & Chinerse merchants

gutta, india-rubber, shino horn, bezoar stones, gambir leaves – salt, cotton (blacu), iron, beads, gongs, jars, etc

major orientation of peselai: south cina sea (commodity destination: chinese markets)

major obstacles

coastal sultanates (Kutai & Bulungan) on East Borneo coasts impose high levels (socially stratified river system)

sulu traders on the east coast preferring birdnests & beeswax which was unavailable in Apo Kayan

geographical obstacles, longer river to the east, 30 km to stretch of rapids

Iban hostiles in Sarawak due to some commodities (guta)

Kenya search

1884: negotiated. 1990: Belanda datang. dr. Nieuwenhuis vs Long Nawang/Lappo Tau chiefs

interest belanda: wilayah. biar bisa ngontrol subjek. juga keganggu sama iban hostility

1921. gutta wars: mitos dayak makan orang. Kenya oral histories: dikeja2, ditangkep, terpaksa makan ulu hati gara2 laper pas ngejar2 tadi

difasilitasi?? Gerard T. MacBryan. bikin perdamaian Iban dan Kenya

highlights 1924 Kapit Peacemaking Agreement, 16 Novembre 1924 (Inggris): attended by Rajah Vyner Brooke, 4200 natives in all, common interest, economy

belanda alihin ini lewat transpordiesten! Kenya jadi kuli.tapi mereka digaji dan boleh barter. biar gak ke serawak lagi. tapi, batasannya sering diterobos, akibatnya kontrol makin sulit

preliminary conclusion

increased headhunting (or interlocal warfare) during the period signaling increased competition to gain access tp emerging 20^th century ‘globalization’

peacemaking agreements >< native desire to regional trade

historical trajectory rendering the fluid and porous boundary between Sarawak & (East) Kalimantan

The Economization of Traditions: Contemporary Borneo Realities (Iwan Pirous)

major discourses

politik (how to control culture?)

ekonomi (how to sell culture?)

antropologis (how to living in culture?)

ekonomi kreatif

“the creation of value as a result of idea” – a concept of strenghening economy

creative (cultural) industries --> ada 13. budaya jadi model buat krisis

advertising – antiques – architecture – crafts – comp.service software – design – fashion – games – interactive – music – performance arts

dampak: culture alienations

local craftsmen are alienated form their cultural identity

Kaya: jadi manusia. bukan jadi manusia harus berbudaya

wwcr subjek: onani budaya! gara2 kapitalisme sawit, sanggar budayanya bubar. semua orang kebelet duit, jadi buruh sawit. gak ngerasa culture-nya penting. 54 perahu buat nyimpen botol air diganti sama ember.